The International Labor Organization (ILO)

   The International Labor Organization (ILO) - UN agencies, international organizations involved in the regulation of labor relations. In 2009 the ILO are 182 States. Since 1920, the headquarters of the Organization - International Labor Office in Geneva. In Moscow, there is office of the Sub-regional Office for Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

   Established in 1919 under the Versailles peace treaty, as the structural units of the League of Nations. It was founded on the initiative and with the active participation of the Western social democracy. ILO has been developed by the Labor Peace Conference and became Part XIII of the Treaty of Versailles. The need for the establishment of the ILO was determined as follows:

   First - the political.

   The reason for the creation of the ILO as a revolution in Russia and several other European countries. In order to meet emerging social contradictions explosive, violent, revolutionary by the organizers of the ILO decided to create an international organization designed to promote social progress worldwide, the establishment and maintenance of social peace among the various sectors of society, contribute to the resolution of problems arising evolutionary peacefully.

   Second - social.

   Harsh and unacceptable were working and living conditions of workers. They were subjected to cruel exploitation, their social protection virtually absent. Social development has not kept pace with economic, that impeded the development of society.

   The third - economic.

   The desire of individual countries to improve the situation of workers led to increased costs, rising production costs, making it difficult to compete, and required the solution of social problems in most countries. The Preamble states that "the failure of any country working conditions of human labor is an obstacle for other nations wishing to improve the situation of workers in their countries". The first general director and one of the initiators of the basics - French politician Albert Thomas. Currently, the general director is Juan Somavia.

   In 1934, members of the ILO became the USA and the USSR. In 1940, in connection with the Second World War ILO headquarters temporarily moved to Montreal, Canada. This was maintained continuity of the Organization. In 1940, the Soviet Union has suspended its membership in the ILO, resumed in 1954. Since that time, members of the ILO began to Belarus and Ukraine. In 1944, the International Labor Conference in Philadelphia, the ILO has identified the problem in post-war period. It adopted the Philadelphia Declaration, defining those tasks. The Declaration has become an integral part of the application and the ILO. The Government of the Soviet Union accepted the invitation of the Office not to participate in the conference. In 1945, the Office had returned to Geneva.

   Goals and Objectives of the ILO are enshrined in its Charter. The ILO is based on the triangular representation of employees, employers and governments - tripartism.

   The ILO is one of the oldest and most representative of international organizations. Created with the League of Nations, it has survived the last and in 1946 became the first specialized agency of the UN. If at the time of its creation, it has participated in 42 States, in 2000 there were 174.